Raised anion gap mnemonic

Causes of a raised anion gap – CAT MUDPILES

  • Cyanide, Carbon monoxide
  • Alcoholic ketoacidosis
  • Toluene
  • Methanol, Metformin
  • Uraemia
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis
  • Phenformin,Paracetamol, Pyroglutamic acid, Paraldehyde, Propylene glycol
  • Iron, Isoniazid
  • Lactate (numerous causes)
  • Ethanol, Ethylene glycol
  • Salicylates

Quality checklist for a RCT

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Quality Checklist for Randomized Clinical Trials:

1] The study population included or focused on those in the emergency department.
2] The patients were adequately randomized.
3] The randomization process was concealed.
4] The patients were analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized.
5] The study patients were recruited consecutively (i.e. no selection bias).
6] The patients in both groups were similar with respect to prognostic factors.
7] All participants (patients, clinicians, outcome assessors) were unaware of group allocation.
8] All groups were treated equally except for the intervention.
9] Follow-up was complete (i.e. at least 80% for both groups).
10] All patient-important outcomes were considered.
11] The treatment effect was large enough and precise enough to be clinically significant.
12] Financial conflicts of interest.